Decoding the role of human-machine interface (HMIs) in smart cars

Loaded with sensors, GPS, cameras, wireless communication devices, etc., smart cars are generating a global buzz. These advanced technologies augment safety, navigation and mechanical efficiencies, helping cars navigate varied driving conditions. This includes alerting drowsy or distracted drivers. 

Today, drivers and passengers access the futuristic features of smart cars via automotive HMI (human-machine interface). This comprises software and hardware components that permit drivers and passengers to interact inside the vehicle and control the car. When making purchase decisions, customers evaluate cars according to the performance of mechanical components as well as the feature-rich experience delivered through automotive HMIs. 

Evolution of HMIs
HMIs in legacy cars came with numerous dedicated modules that controlled in-car features, imparting a boxy, compartmentalized look to the interiors. Gradually, the rising demand for connected, autonomous, sharing/subscription and electrified technologies (C.A.S.E.) saw a transition towards the development of futuristic in-car HMIs. 

OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) found an opportunity to offer an integrated interface to deliver connectivity with PCAP (projected capacitive) touchscreens. 

The early iterations had automotive HMIs integrated with touchscreen panels for HVAC, seat adjustment, navigation and more. With touch-based features integrated successfully in HMIs, car manufacturers then started unifying the automotive HMI modules, creating the dashboard experience in today’s connected cars. 

Components of an automotive HMI can be divided into hardware, middleware and software. Working in tandem, the hardware and software components make up the modern, multimodal automotive HMI. For carmakers, the main motive is to facilitate smooth interaction between the vehicle’s occupants and smart in-car features. 

Increasingly, OEMs have utilized a multimodal approach to develop automotive HMIs. This allows users multiple choices to enjoy the vehicle’s features. The multimodal approach is based on input and feedback methods, permitting users a truly intuitive and responsive experience. 

ADAS a gamechanger
The rise of in-car HMIs has increased automation. Automotive HMI modules function as access points for ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) features. Connected to the in-car HMI, ADAS components can pinpoint obstacles, including other vehicles, while measuring speed and distances. This integration permits real-time feedback and data processing. 

Features like adaptive cruise control adjust the car’s speed automatically. Likewise, lane-keeping assist is useful for maintaining the vehicle’s position within each lane. Users can enable or disable this while staying informed about the status of these features via the in-car HMI.

Key automotive HMI trends
Displays apart, a series of allied hardware and technology tools operate in unison. Some select features that OEMs integrate to ensure in-car HMIs are safe, accountable and futuristic include: 

Biometric authentication: Embedded fingerprint, facial and iris recognition boosts security and convenience, while facilitating personalized settings, automatic driver identification and a secure vehicle start. Alongside self-testing and self-calibration features, current biometric solutions allow automotive HMIs to verify up to 15 users.

Personalized experiences: After identifying users with biometric authentication, the in-car HMI pre-loads user-specific routes and playlists, offering personalized experiences. Based on specific users, automotive HMIs enhance this with adjustments in seating, lighting and in-car temperature. Ambient lighting solutions and cinema-level sound systems further transform in-car aesthetics.

Smartphone mirroring systems: These help users experience almost perfect, mobile-like functions through display modules in automotive HMIs. Technologies like iOS CarPlay and allied third-party tech tools let consumers sync smartphones with their automotive HMI. 

In-car payment modules: Based on biometric authentication, the HMI enables user transactions at petrol pumps, parking lots and drive-throughs. As authorised users can handle payments directly from their car, the process becomes streamlined and convenient.

Driver monitoring system (DMS): DMS tracks hand, eye and posture to assess driver behavior, heart rate and fatigue levels. The system subsequently provides alerts via automotive HMI components. These notifications prevent distractions or potential accidents, enabling OEMs to promote safer driving experiences.

Electric vehicle HMIs and retrofitted solutions
In electric vehicles, HMI displays keep drivers constantly updated about the battery status. While displaying real-time charging statistics, HMI software simultaneously shows all the nearest EV charging stations. 

With 3D modelling, in-car parking modules offer drivers a comprehensive view of the surroundings while the parking assistant gives specific instructions to limit stressful parking situations.

Retrofitted solutions are currently a rage in third-party markets. Off-the-rack HMI touchscreen panels come with built-in hardware features enabling users to replace conventional interfaces and refurbish the vehicle’s interiors. 

Future-ready automotive HMIs
With vehicles emerging as extensions of people’s living spaces, it is essential to integrate high-resolution displays with seamless connectivity and streaming capabilities for passenger comfort and convenience.  

Apart from enhancing the joy of travel, it will transform vehicles into a mobile office where passengers can browse online, watch movies and stay in touch with family and friends without leaving their seats. 

With the age of extremely sophisticated automotive HMIs underway, the integration of AI and machine learning capabilities is slated to elevate user experiences to unprecedented heights. 

The current evolution of automotive HMIs is clearing the path for more flawless integration of autonomous technologies that boost both the safety and convenience of users. Ultimately, the future of automotive HMI will be propelled by advanced features and the enhancement of overall driving experiences in safe, user-friendly ways.

-- Sharad Bairathi, Managing Partner and CEO, Embitel Technologies.