2nd Innings - The Ecosystem's Getting Ready

“To love what you do and feel that it matters-how could anything be more fun?”
-Katharine Graham, the first female CEO of a Fortune
500 enterprise (The Washington Post Company)

It is indeed the fun of doing what you love to do and want to do, that often triggers the strong urge in some women to desire a second-time career, in pursuit of that elusive happiness, apart from reasons of gaining financial stability etc. These women are one of a kind-having learnt to manage their energies, both negative and positive during their breaks. These are women who at one point in their lives would have screamed from the rooftops: “God, give me a break” and then having quit and now wanting to get back, say: “Give me a life, a Second Life”.

We at Dataquest are not debating if such women are able to make it back, we know for sure that some do as we try to dig out and learn a few home-truths pertinent to the Indian scenario and, of course, the go-getting Indian women.

Organizations today are definitely willing to encourage the raring-to-go women talent-the kinds who want to get back to careers after a sabbatical or a break or are wanting to have a go at it once again, with far more positivity, zest and enthusiasm. It's a taken that organizations do have gender inclusivity/diversity as priority areas in their people powering agenda, now having understood the difference that attitudes of women can make to the successful running of the organization. Ever since the world-famous observation of George Harvey (CEO of Pitney Bowes in the 1980s) that retired school teachers made excellent salespeople and who henceforth decided to nurture women talent in the company at all levels-be it at the top, or middle or entry level-was noticed, a distinct change has begun to be noticed globally. This seems to have begun to be imbibed in modern day organizations in India too.

“Often I notice, having an opportunity to make a comeback also is a motivating fuel. So it's a win-win, the woman employee feels included and it's a welcome situation for the organization as well,” says Sunita Cherian, VP, HR, Wipro Ecoenergy.

However some questions that do arise are:

• Are such women really capable of adjusting into current real-life situations at work? How long would the enthusiasm of getting back sustain? More critically,
• To what lengths would an organization be willing to invest in terms of time and money in nurturing this talent? What initiatives do the companies take to help this talent get back into the grind?
• How do colleagues take the re-entry of such women in their stride? After all, these women are the sure-hopefuls for rebuilding strong careers and get hand-picked by the top bosses for re-entry? Does this have a backlash or does it generate healthy competitiveness in the various rungs, thus helping the organization succeed?
• And more importantly, do these women actually succeed and rise to the top and thus give cause to the younger generation women to follow as their role models?

What we discovered was very surprising. No doubt, women talent nowadays is being given impetus as women have been found to have a very collaborative and participative approach to many issues. Meritocracy, of course, is largely the keyword. The individual is inducted solely on the basis of her skills and talent, ability to pick up and adjust to the changes, her willingness to get back to the same position where she had left off despite the probability of juniors bossing over her now, her improved management skills on the home-front etc. And of course, there's much more encouragement if she is backed by an empathetic employer organization who is willing to tap her potential.

Modern day organizations in the IT industry in India are making every effort to minimize the chances of women leaving their jobs in the first place, and then going in for recruitment of ex-women-employees rather than spending more on fresh recruits. For example, for Infosys, diversity in talent is not an option but a critical success factor. The company says, “As a global corporation operating in multiple geographies, diversity will enable the company to build confidence and trust in the minds of customers and employees. And further, it is important to expand the bottom of the pyramid ie, at the entry level intake of more women, it is equally important to chart out a strategy to retain women as they move up in their career lifecycles. As part of retention, it is also necessary to maintain the gender ratios by enabling the increase of women in senior management.”

“At Infosys we have seen steady growth in the number of women applying for the jobs available. Today 34% of our workforce comprises of women. These women are as competent and capable as any other male member. It is essential for us to nurture them and provide them the support that is required at different stages of a women's life cycle some of which are very important especially in the Indian context-marriage, childbearing, child care, elder care, etc,” the company also adds. Many companies such as Accenture India, Wipro, IBM India, Genpact India etc, subscribe to this concept today.

Leaving Flourishing Careers

Focusing on the lot of women who are wanting to come back, companies claim that the approach has changed for the better as mindsets are changing. These women may have left flourishing careers due to several reasons such as opting for higher studies, or wanting to balance their careers and personal aspirations with other priorities such as looking after family members such as their husbands, in-laws, parents, differently-abled children, etc, and these issues could require as much, if not more, of her attention at any point of time in her career. “Yes, a woman does not leave a good career out of choice, it is more due to different roles' expectations from her, especially in a culture like ours; it is tough doing the juggling act,” says Nirmala Menon, co-founder, Interweave.in, a diversity consulting organization.

These thoughts are echoed by several organizations. “Today working women, we would say do not leave their careers but opt out of it for some time due to their personal engagements/requirements. And let us tell you that it is very difficult for a woman to quit a job which becomes her personal and professional identification over a period of time. It is also said/believed that a lot of women opt out of their careers also because of inappropriate support from the organization also. At HCL, our senior management extends its full support to formulate policies that prove helpful for women and add to our business advantage,” says Srimathi Shivashankar, AVP, diversity and sustainability, HCL Technologies.

What underlies the pysche behind leaving flourishing careers is clearly depicted by what Jyothsna Hirode, senior manager, India Diversity Team, HR Integrated Services Team (IST), IBM India, says “Well, if we look at the exit interviews...these women have left IBM earlier because of something extraneous, something due to personal reasons, relocations-to be with the family/social reasons etc. IBM tracks them as there is an opportunity to bring these women back. Certainly we are familiar with their skills, they are familiar with IBM-it makes a lot of difference. Underlying all this is the overall diversity philosophy of IBM-to have more women is not just the line to have-it is more because of the value diversity within the workforce, because we feel that it is likely to bring in more innovation and that will bring more value for our clients. Underlying is the need for attracting more women, advancement of women and related constituents that are prime to us.”

Yet despite these breaks, many women want and manage to get back too after a sabbatical. A trend that has been observed is that several organizations are looking at this seriously, although it may not have become a standard practice as yet. “Losing out on women who have taken a career break would mean highly talented brain-drain, especially if they are a cultural fit. We do not want to lose the talent after putting in so much of training and skilling time,” Rajnish Sinha, senior VP, HR, Genpact India and Philippines says. “We look at the historical performance of the woman, if she has been a good performer, there is no reason not to try to accommodate her,” he adds.

There is strong backing from the organization for women returning from a sabbatical too. “From an organizational standpoint, flexibility is part of managing an inclusive corporation; it is a means of integrating principles of inclusion into practice, enhancing our ability to function seamlessly as one global network across time zones and borders and allowing for “voice and choice” in how our people deliver results. We as an organization focus on outcomes and not hours to determine if an employee is productive. When a woman returns to an organization to start a second innings, she requires added support to strike a balance between her professional requirement and family commitments,” Manoj Biswas, lead, HR, Accenture India states.

Organizations understand the criticality of the issue and are now being very accomodative. “The industry, across sectors, has realized that it is critical to retain the existing women workforce and those wanting to come back. Numerous studies have shown that increasing gender equality enhances the productivity and corporate performance of the company. Thus today companies are providing platforms for better talent management, flexible work culture to accommodate their personal needs and launching initiatives that foster their personal and professional development,” Srimathi Shivashankar, HCLT, emphasizes.

In fact, the recent Global Gender Gap Report 2011 released by the World Economic Forum suggests that among the women in India, the ability of women to rise to positions of enterprise leadership is strong, with a score of 4.45 with the responses scale being 1=worst and 7 the best. So, why should companies have any reason to miss out on such women talent?

Challenges these Women Face

The challenges are plenty-both for women wanting to come back and also for women who have made a comeback. The challenges for women wanting to come back are primarily dependent on the organizational needs-whether companies would find her to be the right fit in a right role; are there suitable vacancies, would she be able to cope up with family issues better now, and most importantly, whether she would be as good a performer as she had been before.

The concerns for women who have come back could be in terms of behaviors in teams, in terms of competition from erstwhile peers-a junior could now be her senior when the woman returns or someone may resent her coming in, having expected to step into her role while she had been away. “This situation could happen sometimes, and I believe that it's very important for the team and manager to bond well together for a great experience,” says Sunita Rebecca Cherian, VP, HR, Wipro Ecoenergy. “We have programs like New Manager Assimilation to enable a new manager and team to settle in quickly, and behavioral programs for improving individual ability in influencing the peer ecosystem. Bringing in transparency and discussing issues openly usually clears the air and sets the platform for productive working relationships,” she adds.

The other main issues are in terms of quicker adaptability to the changed or latest work culture and environment in the organization, how empathetic her manager or senior is, how updated her skills are, how quickly she's able to reskill herself etc. “These women are coming back with much clarity in their minds, if everything else is fine but you have a wrong manager/senior who is insensitive to your needs, your efforts will fail. Making the person sensitized is very essential,” says Nirmala Menon, Interweave.in.

Not everyone shares similar polarity. “How unique are such issues for these women? Are they not similar to those faced by other teams or members?” Kritika M, senior diversity manager, Nasscom questions categorically. She also adds, “It's also no different for companies in India or globally. In fact, in India, start-ups are looking at inclusion of such women much more seriously than bigger established companies.” The 6th Annual Nasscom Diversity and Inclusion Summit 2011 is one of the many initiatives that Nasscom has taken to keep the diversity issue including women coming back after a sabbatical alive in organizations.

“I think in the technology industry, the primary challenge that anybody who takes a break has to deal with, is the technology changes that are really, really fast paced. So it is important for people whether they are taking a break or otherwise, when they come back into the industry to have kept pace with the changes in technology, so I think that's the primary thing but our recruiting process takes care of that and people who have skills get hired. The second thing is that when people have taken a break, it takes a little while for people to get back to the groove of actually working on full time jobs. Full-time jobs come with deadlines, we all know that full-time jobs also come with a lot of expectations of delivery and responsibility, so that usually is the challenge for people to readjust to, actually working with deadlines and being able to work with multiple people across multiple time zone,” sums up Aparna Ballakur, VP, HR, Yahoo! in India .

Yet another challenge is adapting to the work schedule in the organization. “The challenge could be in terms of adapting oneself to the new 9-9 format instead of 9-6. The higher you rise, you need to put in more flexi hours,” says Anita Vasudeva, co-founder, Fleximoms.in.

And from the organization's perspective, the framework has to rise up to the occasion. “Also Training/Induction sessions need to be designed to bridge the gap created by the break (such as workshops on IT skills to update them on latest technologies, Time Management workshops, Project Management sessions, etc) help immensely to make a smooth transition back to corporate life,” says Radhakrishnan Nair, VP, talent acquisition, Tata Group HR.

Getting Back

A woman making a comeback needs to be very assertive, to tackle the challenges that the workplace will throw at her. Most companies talk of the woman individual's ability to take proactive measures on her own, to discover opportunities, network with her previous organizations, and remain in touch with the latest technologies. This is highlighted by Srimathi Shivashankar, AVP, diversity and sustainability, HCLT: “After a career break and to enhance their career prospects, women themselves have to be assertive in terms of their rights and prospects at the workplace. They would also need to ascertain their unique skills and aptitudes and be clear about their professional goals and expectations. It is also advisable that they find mentors and learn from experience sharing, adapt their style to the needs of the organization, be forthcoming in terms of learning new skills in order to accept personal and professional challenges.”

A vital dependency of course, is the availability of various suitable positions. “Many ex-Wiproites do reach out to us and we welcome such women back depending on the availability of suitable positions,” says Cherian. On a slightly different note, says Aparna Ballakur, VP, HR, Yahoo! in India
, “When we look at somebody's resume and see a break in the career, we don't kind of penalize people for that break, we treat them like anybody else and go through the process like anybody else when they come back.”

Most companies agree that they would prefer to reach out to their ex-employees (women included) as they are familiar with the ex-employees' strengths and skills and this works well for the ex-employees as they too are familiar with the work culture of the organization. Some companies such as IBM India sound out their ex-women employees on available opportunities through online social media measures, ex-Alumni networks etc. The company had in fact, held an ex-women alumni meet last year on the International Women's Day under the aegis of the India Women Leadership Council to attract ex-women alumni talent.

Reaching Out to Women Employees who Have Joined Back

Programs, Mentoring and Support Initiatives

HCL Technologies

In 2004, the company launched the Infosys Women Inclusivity Network (IWIN) which seeks to address needs specific to the development, engagement, growth and retention of women by promoting an inclusive workplace where the potential of women is leveraged and every woman feels valued, heard and fully involved with the company.
The part time policy has helped women to balance their child care priorities, irrespective of the age of the child. Part time also allows compressed work hours at Infosys. Employees can either work half a day or work for a few full days in a week.
The flexible working hour policy allows mothers to attend to the childrens needs before coming into office.
Alternate career opportunities help women with less stressful jobs and these are available through the internal job posting policy called WithInfy

Tracking the Metrics

Tracking this category of women is currently not being done by most companies in India, since the concept itself is at a nascent stage and has been picking up only in the past 3-4 years. And the numbers as such are also not very high as a reality check reveals. Anita Vasudeva, co-founder, Fleximoms.in shares some numbers with us: “The number of women wanting to come back is very high, almost 100,000 women have registered on our site for various work-flex programs but the number of women who have managed to come back is not so high.” Companies such as IBM, Yahoo! R&D India, HCLT do not track their numbers currently. Infosys tracks only those women who have taken maternity breaks and not sabbaticals. Genpact does track to some extent, with almost one-third of its workforce being women, about 80 women having come back in the recent past. Tata Group too is sensitive to the women coming back, but doesn't yet track numbers.

Organizational Support

There are a number of programs and mentoring support initiatives that are being given by various organizations to help these women bridge the gap. “Keeping in mind that if companies need to support employees to balance work and life priorities, there must be structured policies, processes and support systems to facilitate what has been defined as “balance” by women and under the guiding philosophy of 'Employees First, Customers Second', HCL's Diversity and Sustainability office has introduced various policies to make the workplace more gender sensitive and help to build women as business transformers,” says Srimathi Shivashankar of HCLT.

Companies like IBM are in fact in the growing-the-talent mode and are keen not to lose out on this talent, and do so by discarding any biases. “Back in 2005 when IBM India was ramping up, it started looking at this particular talent specifically with the India Women Leadership Council, which is made of senior women managers; it does several programs to grow women, to retain women, to get quite a focus on such women after they are back from a sabbatical. For the first time now, specific programs to get women back are being done; this includes programs for sensitization of hiring managers to ensure that they consider such women get equal opportunity, consider women who had taken a break and are back, and that there is no bias towards such a candidate,” says Hirode of IBM India. The Tata Group offers several mentoring programs including the Second Career Internship program for inclusion of women coming back into the workforce.

Some Role Models

And among those who have been propelled towards this path are trendsetters such as Srimathi Shivashankar of HCL Technologies, a pathbreaker who herself having undergone this experience due to multiple reasons, came back with a bang and has taken off to dizzy heights in her career. Nirmala Menon, who was earlier a consultant with Microland and then joined IBM after a break and had a successful career before co-founding Interweave, too faced stiff challenges but managed to get her place.

The Coming Back


Jyothsna Hirode, senior manager, India diversity team, HR Integrated Services Team (IST), IBM India cites her own example and others in her organization who took a break and having kept in touch with knowhow, has managed to make a comeback.

"I worked with IBM as program manager, technical for 7 years and had to take a break, but came back to IBM in an HR role-I had upgraded my knowledge and had done work around HR, in both technical and project management and people management, and IBM found me fit for a career. Honestly, confidence levels were a bit low and a hindrance to really coming back after a break. The hurdles were mostly internal, rather personal, not many hurdles from an organizational perspective, and as such I received lot of support in the form of training and mentoring.

The hurdles around using the current technology, etc, eventually got ironed out. Yes, technology changes so fast, it is not so easy, you cannot get back if you are not updated, these are essential skills. There is this other lady executive who was in SAP and took a break of about 6 years, but she was constantly in touch with the SAP world and she was able to come back immediately after the break and I don't think she was in any way less than the rest.

That's in fact a great example-there are those who have gone off to pursue higher studies and are now coming back. There is this highly qualified, very senior technical professional in SAP, who had taken a sabbatical of 2-3 years and did her PhD and is coming back after a few months; another lady in Research Labs who had gone to the US to do her Masters and has joined back in IMA. These are all great examples to show that IBM is a great workplace to come back to for a career."

"The biggest RoI is promotion of diversity in an otherwise male dominant environment"


On the company's policy towards women coming back...
It was the Tata Group that identified this talent pool and decided to work towards bringing these women in a Second Career program. This initiative, called SCIP, (Second Career Internship Program) was launched in March 2008 on International Women's Day. Since the launch, there have been 3 cycles of this program so far with over a 100 women recruited for 6-month flexitime projects as part of this initiative.

The Tata SCIP participants have the advantage of all the relevant facilitators such as flexitime projects and a sound induction program. Efforts are made to identify project guides/mentors who are supportive in their work and who help them maintain their work-life balance which is extremely important to them. This program is open not only to ex-employees but others as well. The SCIP website is very comprehensive and candidates can register online and apply.

On the functions/roles these women fit into...
It will be impractical to expect anyone to start from where they left especially if the break is as long as 4 years plus. It should also be noted the economy, industry, market, client base etc may all have undergone huge changes during the break. Their education, skill sets and experience would determine the kind of roles they can fit into and at times some of them may also choose to enter a new field and add to their experience and learning. However the SCIP enables these people to regain the confidence to restart their careers in a respectable manner.

On the RoI...
Looking at every program from an RoI angle may not be appropriate. SCIP provides long term returns to the nation by enabling talent usage and avoidance of human capability wastage. Companies get experienced hands with relevant experience. These professionals have years of experience at middle or senior management levels and bring with them their knowledge as well as maturity to the table. Their way of handling issues and their ability to multitask adds immense value to the projects undertaken by them. Their contribution to the tasks at hand is significant and productivity has not taken a backseat as the flexi work option is customized for every person according to the project requirements and key deliverables.

A large number of these women have been assimilated into the productive workforce in various formatspart time, flexitime, work from home, full time, etc, both within the Tata Group as well as outside. Some of them have turned entrepreneurs; a few are working for NGOs and also teaching at various institutes. The biggest RoI is promotion of diversity in an otherwise male dominant environment.

Lastly, your 2nd Career program on the website shows-Registrations Closed-what does that mean? Doesnt the program run throughout the year?
Registrations have closed for the 3rd cycle of Tata SCIP. In the past this was an annual program which was launched once a year with one batch of participants completing their SCIP term per year. In the very near future we do plan to make it a continuous process wherein we can hire talented women professionals for projects throughout the year.

SCIP (Second Career Internship Program for Women)
"I had a relatively small break, little over a year and a half. My break was due to re-locating to Mumbai from Chennai as well as wanting to spend time with my child. SCIP was just tailor-made for what I was looking for-a challenging project, fantastic work environment and, most importantly, the ability to maintain a work-life balance.

SCIP is a path-breaking idea that has answered a challenge faced by most women. The opportunity to utilize their experience, knowledge and professional qualifications in an environment that also acknowledges their commitments to the family."

Becoming Work-flex Ready

Anita Vasudeva quit her career and along with Sairee Chahal, her partner, co-founded Fleximoms.in, a consulting and training organization which claims to be India's only Workflex readiness specialist targeting women, primarily caregivers. With the growing need to make women work-flex ready where women wanting to come back need to newly adapt to varied timings as per their/organizational requirements and organizations also to be work-flex ready with technologies and infrastructure in place, the company says it can cater to several requirements of both concerned parties. Both the co-founders started the company about two years ago around this novel concept of helping women conform and adapt to the flexi hours format and claim to have successfully trained several women wanting
to come back since then. The company sought to provide encouragement and support through training initiatives for women who could participate in the flexi hour format.

Their recent and new initiative '2nd Chance-Back to Work' program with a 2-day workshop and other support initiatives for ramping up womens skills, knowledge and sectors they want to understand over a 3-month period, has been launched in 5 cities including Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Pune. They do not promise re-employment, but however have 300 companies on their job-board and the candidates can register and search for comeback jobs. The company helps them do custom searches and also has held 70 career advisories across the country on a one-on-one basis to help these women, through psychometric profiling and making them work-flex ready to get back to a function/role they would prefer.

Summing Up

Women wanting to come back are a most determined lot, eager to learn and exhibit leadership qualities more often than not, and as most of the respondents agreed, not an easy, yet achievable task for both the individual and the organization, specially in the IT industry. The approach is changing, the mindsets are changing. And it seems clearly a lot to do with economics. No wonder, the World Bank too recently stated that having gender equality is smart economics. It stated that countries that create better opportunities and conditions for women can raise productivity and improve outcomes for children.

The Global Gender Gap
Report 2011 also cites a report by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Countries which has found that restricting job opportunities for women
is costing the region between
$42 and $46 bn a year. We
are sure organizations can begin restrategizing by targeting
and reaching out more to
their ex-women employees.